Hame and process of making the same



Feb; 26, 1929.

J. M. GLASER HAME AND PROCESSOF MAKING THE SAME Filed July 30, 1926 2Sheets-Sheet C m G A M m T 9 W A m .9 v 0 #1 TTOPNEYS Feb. 26, 1929.

J. M. GLASER HAME AND PROCESS OF MAKING THE SAME 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 FiledJuly 30, 1926 Ff rmxwvsrs these tubular hames.

Patented Feb. 26, 1929..

- UNITED STATES PATENT JOHN M. GLASER, or BUFFALO, NEW YORK, Assmnon ToU. s. HAM]: I OMPANY, F

BUFFALO, NEW YORK.

' HAMEY AND PROCESS OF MAKING T l- IE sAME. Y

Application, filed July 30,

This invention relates to hames of the lnfnd made of metal t'ub1ng,'andto processes of making the same.

Hames have heretofore been made of tubing which was shaped while hotinto the desired form, and hames have also been made by folding orwrapping sheet metal around awooden filler or insert. however, thattubular James have heretofore always been shaped while hot, it wasimpossible to use'wo'o'den inserts in-eonneetion with There are,however, some very decided advantages inthe use of a wood-eninsert in ametal hame', both from the standpoint of strengthening or reinforcingthe heme and facilitating the attachment. of the usual wear leathers tothe hames, and from the, standpoint of facilitating the manufacture ofhames of this kind.

'lhe objects of this invention are to provide a. hame made of metaltubing and provided witha reinforcing member or insert of Wood or othernonmetallic' material, the shape of which is changed during the courseof manu factureof the hames, in accordance with changes in the shape ofthetube, so that the insert iscompressed inthe tube and-there foreremains in fixed relation thereto and in intimate contact with the sidesof the hameto prevent denting thereof; also to provide ahame of thiskind in' which the holes in the metal tube may be punched instead ofdrilled; alsoto provide an improved process of manufar-liming namesofthiskind which results in an economic production of: the thbular hamcswith ncnn'ietallic insertsyalso to pro vide a process whereby a tubularshe'll'of a heme, while in substantiallycircular cross sectionalformreceives a nonmetallic insert of substantially the same cross sectionalform, and in which processthe cross sectional shape ofthehamc shell ortube and the insert are si mnltaneonsly changed by pressing opera,tion'; also to provide an improved process for making hames inaccordance 'with which the ends of the liarnesare tapered or of reducedcross sectional area and at the same timethe. thickness of themetallinthe tapered end pow" tions increased so that thestrengthofthese" end portions isconsiderably'greater than in hames heretoforemade; also to provide a process of makinghames n accordance Filth Owingto the feet,

1926. Serial No. 126,051.

which the wooden or nonmetallic inserts used inside of the heme tubesneed not be shaped or formed to conform with theultil'nate shape of theheme tubes, but are so shaped or formed by the same operations by meansof which been shaped into its desiredform; also to im prove processes ofmanufacturing hames' in other respects hereinafter specified. 'Intlreaccompanying.drawings;

Fig. 1 is a longitud'nal view of a tube from" which-the'shell of theheme is made.

F 1g. Qis an endviewthereof: r Fig. 3' is alongitudinal view of the tubeafter the first swaging operati'on lias.bccir performed thereon.

I Fig. 4 is a longitudinal view of tl 're' filler or nsert member forusewlthinthe hame.

. Fig. 5 is an end View thereof.

-Fig. Sis a central, sectional view of the heme-tube shown in F jg, 3,with the insert member; positioned therein-,j I

Fig. 7 is a longitudinal view partly .in' section; showing the other endof the" tube tapered or swaged to inclose the insert member within thetube. v

Fig. 8 is an endview thereof.

tubeaft'er one side thereof has'beenflattened.

Fig.9. p

Fig. 11 is a front View ofthehaineshowingthe same after the I curved orbent. I x

Fig. l2'is a side view of thehame showing the holes punchedtherein;. I e

Fig. 1-3 is aview of the oppositeside of thehame. I p v Fig. l4 isafront elevatiom-partly in section, of acompleted hamewith the variousparts or attachmentssecured thereto;

In manufactiu'ing hames inaccordance with my improved process a tube isused which ismade of a proper grade of steel" or other metal towithstand the several operation's-to which the tube is'subJecteddiuinQ-the course of formation of the shell of the:

heme, without rupturing the metalor crys ta-llization of the same; Thetube may be of ends of the tube have been Fig. 9 is aside view thereofshowing the,

the seamless kind or it may be a seamed or welded tube. The tubing fromwhich these hame shells are made is then cut into the de sired lengthsas shown in Fig. 1, the lengths being somewhat shorter than the lengthsof: the ultimate hame shell.

The next step in my process consists in tapering one end of the tube,from near the middle portion to one end thereof; this tapering operationmay be done in any suitable or desired manner, and may, if desired, bedone while the metal is at a forging heat. Preferably, however, thisoperation is done cold and by means of a swaging machine or apparatuswhich swages the metal into the desired shape. The swaging operationcauses't-l'ie tubes to become somewhat GlOll-r gated and alsoconsiderably; increases the thickness ofthe metal near the end portionsof the tube, the increase in thickness being more or less proportionalto the decrease in the outside diameter of the tube. The swagingoperation of this end of the tube may, if desired, be donein two steps,for example, the tube may be first swaged approximately to its desiredsize, and the tube may then be heat treated or annealed, so that thegrain of the metal may adjust itself to the change i in shape by theannealing operation, and the tube may then be finally swaged into itsfinal.

form after the metal has again cooled on. By tapering the end of thetube in two steps,

crystallization of the metal is prevented and.

none of the strength of the metal. is lost due to the swaging operation.lV 1th certaln grades of metal, the annealing is not necessary and maybe entirely omitted.

The tube A with one end tapered, as shown in Fig. 3 is then ready toreceive an insert member B which may be made of wood or othernonmetallic substance. In the particular construction shown the insertmember B is made in twopieces or sections, but it will be understoodthat this member may be made in one piece or in a larger number ofpieces. T he insert B is tapered approximately in accordance with theultimate taper desired at the two ends of the tube and the insert memberis preferably approximately round or circular in cross section so as toconform sub stantially with the interior of the tube A.

The insert member is shown in Fig. 6 as positioned within the tube, andthe tube with the insert member in position therein is then ready forthe next operation, which consists in tapering the lower end of the tubeA. This operation must, of course, be done while the tube is cold, sincethe wood orinsert member B would be burned or dam aged if the tube Awere heated. Consequently the tapering of the lower end of the tube ispreferably done by means of a swaging process, which again causes aslight elongation of the tube and aconsiderable increase in thicknessor"- the metal at the reduced end oi the tube. By

means of the second swaging operation the wooden or nonmetallic insertmember is securely confined within the tube. The tube A is shown in Fig.7 with. its'lower end tapered and the insert member confined theren. Theinsert member fits rather loosely into thetube andithasbeenfoundunnecessary wood .is used it has been ii ound unnecessary to havethe insert member oriven into or in the sl'iape shown in Fig. '5. p 1

The tube may then be trimmed to the corroot length by cutting orshearing oft portions of one or the other end thereof.- lhis operationis greatly facilitated by first swaging the ends of the tube, since bythe swaging operation the thickness of the metalat the tightly fittedinto the tube while the tube is ends of the tubes is so increased that.the ends may be sheared off without collapsing the ends or the tubes.

The next operation to which the tube is subjected is that of changingthe cross. sectional shape thereof while the insert memberv is in placein the tube.- This operation is per.- formed on the hame for thepurpose'of adapting the hame to cooperate better with the col lar orother parts of the harness and consists in flattening to a certainextent one face or side of the hame and bending the other faceapproximately into the cross sectional shape shown in Fig. 10. This may.be done by means of dies in a press, and the result of ap' pressure tothe exterior of the tube'by' plying the dies that the tube is pressedinto the shape shown in Fig. 10 and the insert or filler is alsocompressed to follow somewhat the germal contour of the interior crosssection of the tubes. The side edges oi the filler,

however, need'not entirely fill the side pore tions of the tube orshell, a small amount of space at the edges of the tube or shell beingleft unfilled by the filler or insert, which space results from the useof a fill er member which does not entirely fill the interior of thetube A while the isoi circular cross section, as shown in Figs. 6 and 7.By using a filler which does not entirely fill the interior of the hametube, as shown in l0, the tiller, it made of wood, is not splintered orbrokenup, and the filler is also compressed and compacted so as to offergreater'resistance to denting oi": the hame than would be the case ifthe wood or nonmetallic filler were not compressed. Consequently thefiller al though pressed out of its original shape, has been found topossess practically its full strength and is merely compressed; out ofits original shape and is not splintered or broken.

Thebending of a tube of this kind, with aside of the die will buckleinwardly and thus instead of forming a'sub'stantially flat or straightface on one side of the hame, will form a slightly concaved face, whichis objectionable. The use of an insert member, however, prevents thisconcaving of'the flat side of the tube and makes it possible in a singlepressing operation to-form the tube with a truly flat, side, itbeing-obvious that the insert member offerslconsiderable resistance tocompressing of the same out of its normal shape, and this resistancealso pre vents the inward buckling or concaving of the flat side of thehame tube. l vithout an insert member the true flattening of one side ofthe hame would require a number of-die operations, which wouldmaterially increase the cost ofhames, and which might damage the grainstructure of the metal of the tube.

The'hanie with one side thereof flattened is then subjected to theaction of bending dies which bend the ends of the hame in oppositedirections approximately into the shape shown in Fig. 11, so that thehame will readily fit on the collar of an animals harness. end 0 of thehame is of comparatively small diameter, having been greatly reduced insize by the swaging operation. Consequently the metal in the upper bentend 0 of the hame is of considerably increased thickness so that thispart of the hame-can be readily bent without buckling the metal of thetube A of the hame. The lower portion of the hame, however, must be bentat a part thereof having substantially the maximum cross sectional area,this portion of the heme having been subjected to theleast amount ofswaging action. Inorder to make itpossible to have this part of the hamebent by. means of the usual bending dies, it is necessary for the insertmember B to extend ,into the same and to be bout with the lower end 0'of the heme. Consequently during the bending of t s portion of the hamethe insert member B is also bent andalso prevents buckling or distortionof the tube of the heme during the bending action. The bending operationmay be effected by any suitablebending dies, and

the front and rear faces of the tapered hame tube are preferably held orconfined by means hame.

It will be notedthat the upper bent the metal of the tube itself.

After the ends of the hame have been bent,

the hame is ready for the forming of the holes therein by means of whichthe various.

attachments or parts may be secured to the Heretofore the forming ofholes in tubular hames had to be'done by means of drilling, and thepunching of holes was rendered' impossible due to the fact that theportionsof the tube adjacent to the punches would collapseor be dentedinwardly sufficiently to damage the tube. In accordance with my improvedprocess, however, it is possible to punch holes in the tube of the hamefor the reason that the filler member B prevents collapsing or inwarddenting of the portions of the hame adjacent to the punches. Since adrilling operation is many times more expensive than a punchingoperation, it is obvious that considerable economy is effected in soforming a hame that the holes therein can'be punched rather thandrilled. Furthermore the punching "of the holes has an advantage in thatthe metal of the hame tube is pressed inwardly to a slight extent aroundthe punched hole, and this in the case of the holes'd shown in Fig. 1dforms a countersunk portion or depression around the holes, nto whichthe riveted ends of the bolts'or rivets securing the attachments orpartson the hame may enter and thus form a smoother exterior on thehame, which reduces the wear on adjacent harness parts. The severalholes 03 through which nails attaching the wear-leather E to the hamemay pass, can be forn'ied in one operation means of a'set of dies. It isobvious that the reinforcing member also'g'reatly strengthens the hame,since thebolts or rivets f of the usual trace or draft connection Fextend both through the tube and through thefiller member, and s co theri'reted h orrivets f are countersunk in recesses in the opposite sideof the home, it will be obvious that these recesses bear against theinsert member, which assists the hame shell in resist-ing the strainstransmitted by draft connection to the hame. lhe low-er bolt or rivet f/which connects the bracket or support. G for the hamestrap loop y alsopreferably passes through the wooden insert member but the rivetconnecting the upper portion of (Z therefor is formed by punchingthrough however, theswagin operation makes this as or ends of the boltsHere again, 7

punching possible for the reason that the metal in this portion of thehame tube been increased in thickness to such an extent that this holecan be easily punched through ,the tube without collapsing or dentingthe metal of the tube except for forming a slight depression around thehole, which receives the portion of the rivet heed. Similarly the hole(Z through the lower portion of the heme can be punched through thisside of the heme because of the thickness of the metal at this end ofthe home due to the sweging operation. The hole (Z serves to permit theusual end loop H of the heme to be secured thereto.

The heme formed in accordance with process is provided with it wooden iimember ll arranged Within. the tube A Wooden insert member is originalof sub stentielly circular cross section and in co r pressed into ashape cor]esporuling;- r-Jit'i interior of the heme tube i shepc of theheme tube. provided at opposite ends llll'i ill sert l by Chi: ages in!\I home tube t i swayed portions which reduce the dizre'ieter of thetube 3 i i c inetul thereo'r et the s\ "dQQtl portion, epproxi:netelyportion, to the 'cduction or L1 tor of the tube. This incre conseqiently reinforces t the home, While the inte thereof are reinforced bythe B of Wood or other sui heme furthermore is provth punched holes atthrough which techs or 1 curing the wear leather E o the pass, and withpunched holes for t rivets oi the various heme ethic. parts, whichpunched holes are cm i is due to the punching operation to pertlv ceivethe sweg'ed over ortions ot the of the rivets securing he ettmhnientsparts to the heme. The use i i an insert 1 her oi? this kind not onlyteci itzite's the Lecture of the heme and males pos tein economies suchas 1e punching or he if the seine, but else l greatly reinil or ortionoi the home he 'l tt 6SE-S "olil, and resists wt hat the WOOll nonn'ie.r. shell of the heme is tfOlllPi'BFtR-Nl or con'ipec due to the changeoi? shap 0 the tube Nliil t l e insert n'ieuibcr is in place thereinenables the heme to olier greater resistzince to denting then in heniesin Which the Wood is covered by sheet metal since in the letter hemesthe Wood is pressef. Furthermore the compressed wood offers a moresecure hold h? i techs 3tESSlIlg through the holes d-to tern oils for deutino' o the v; er leather la in p .260... in! lutl l scribed z 0 .msthe advantage tiet the portions thereof which ere not i the insertmember B are of emit ereh creased thichnessdue to the sire tien and thelore ()iiel increusee re 1 to strains.

, I claim as my invention 1. A home including; an outer tubule-2: shellfiling; its ends tapered and having its intermediate portion pressedinto non-circular cross sectional shape, and a Wooden in in said shellwhich is compressed by the presssaid insert ing of said tube into a.non-circular cross sect-ionel shape and retained in non-circular.

shape by said tube.

2. A heme including of e metal tube having its ends teperechseid shellbeiii pressed into it non-circular cross 2 rape, and e non-metallicinsert -nreseed by said siiell into a non-circular red suid insertbeing}; slut} said shell-to coniornl air. shell. 7

i. ire includii'ig' an outer shell n'iedc of u metal tube hevi? he endstapered and curved out oi? tlll. dent with the intermediate portion ofseidshell, said shell being pressed into :i non-circular cross sectionalshape, and a normallystraight Wooden inot substitution circular crosssection vhich is compressed by. said shell into noncireuhir crosssectional sh r pe and the ends of which extend int-o a curved portionoi? said shell and being sheied by the curving of said terior ol l. it hsort cent portion. of said shell. 7

i-i home including {111 outer shell n'iz de 2r motel tube and having atnonetellic .l shell g 01? posite directions said shell having holespunched therein at portions thereof continl said insert.

gortions oi the tubular shell being tapered and the 1; etzil 1i saidhrpered nortions being ot greater hick than tl e metal in the i. iluriues 'Whic'i are reinforced per t netal shell ,r'inediete being .vhav ng to portion or the home 9.. A process of: melting eludes tageringone end of a substantially cylindrical tube, placing into the tube an111-' sert o'l' non-metallic materiel, bending szud an outer shell madeshell. to conform with the curvature of Ullamode of e heroes} which in;

tube to change the cross sectional shape thereof and of said insert, andbending an end of;

the tube to place the axis of the-bent end out of alin'ement with theaxis of the intermediate port-ion oi the tube; j

10. A process of making hames which includes placing a non-metallicinsert loosely into a tube of substantially. circular cross section,pressing the tube and insert into a shape of non-circular cross section,said insert serving to prevent excessive inward deflection of portionsor said tube, and bending an end.

of the tube to place the axis of the bent end out of alinement with theaxis of the interend of a. substantially cylindrical tube by swagingsaid end while cold to term a taper on saldend, heat-treating saidt-ube,placing a non-metallic insert of correspondlngtaper into said tube andthen tapering the other end of said tube by swaging while cold, toconfine the non-metallic insert within the tube.

tubular shells and non-metallic'inserts, consisting of partly forming ataper on one end of a substantially cylindrical tube by a swagingoperation, annealing said tube, completing the forming of the taper onsaid end of the tube, placing a non-metallic insert of correspondingtaper into said tube and then tapering the other end. ofsaid tube byswaging while cold, to confine the non-metallic insert within the tube.

14. A process of making hames having tubular shells and non-metallicinserts, which includes tapering one end of a substantially cylindricaltube, placing an insert of non metallic, material into said tube fromthe larger end thereof, tapering said larger endol said tube while coldby a swaging operation, and flattening a side ot said tube and producinga corresponding change in the shape of the non-metallic insert; I

15. A process of making a hamehaving a tubular shell and a non-metallicinsert within the shell, which includes tapering one end of asubstantially cylindrical tube, placing into said tube an insert ofnon-metallic materlal and corresponding approximately to the interiorcrosssection of said tube, tapering the other end ofsaid tube to confinesaid insert therein, pressing said tube and the insert con- 13. Theprocess of making hames having tained therein into non-circular crosssec p 16'. A process of making h-aines having a tubular shell and anon-metallic insert, which I includes tapering one end of asubstantially cylindrical tube, placing into said tube an insert ofnon-metallic material having its opposite ends tapered, one end of saidinsert-fitting approximately into the tapered end of the tube, taperingthe other end of said tube, V

and bending an end of said tube and said insert contained therein in adirection transverse to the length of said tube.

17 A process of making hames having tu bular metal shells andnon-metallic inserts arranged in the intermediate portions of saidshells, consisting of swaging the ends of said shells to form taperedends on said tube and at the same time increase the thickness. of themetal in the tapered end, and punching holes through portions ofthe-hames having metal of increased thickness.

18. The hereindeseribed process or" making hames, consisting of forminga straight tube of substantially uniform diameter into a tube, havingone end tapered, placing an insert into said tube, and then forming ataper on the other end of said tube to confine said insert in said tube.o

19. The hereindeseribed process of maklng hames, consisting of forming astraight tube of substantially uniform diameter into a tube, having oneend tapered, placing an insert into said tube, and then forming a taperon the other end of said tube and bending the ends of said tube toconfine said insert in said tube.

. 20. The hereindeseribed process of making hames, consisting of forminga straight tube of substantially uniform diameter into a tube, havingone end tapered, placing an insert into said tube into engagement withsaid taper-ed end, and then tapering and curving the other: end of saidtube while said insert is in place therein.

21. The hereindeseribed process of making hames, including an outer partmade of a steel tube, and a reinforcing filler of wood, consisting oftapering an end of said steel tube while the wood is in place thereintoreduce the diameter of an end of said tube, and bending said tube withthe wood in place therein so that thewood is formed in accord ancewiththe shape of said tube, the forming tubular shells, which consists ofswaging one end of a tube of substantially uniform circular crosssection to term tapering ends of smaller diameter and increasedthickness of metal, placing a non-metallic insert into the intermediateportion thereof, and swaging s 1 the other end of the tube in a similarmanner,

said non-metallic inserts reinforcing the P01- tions of the hames inWhich the thickness of the metal is not increased.

5 23. A hame including a shell made of a metal tube having swaged endsof reduced diameter and having the metal in the reduced ends of greaterthickness than a; the p01- tions thereof of greater diameter and havingthe sWaged ends bent to place the axes of the bent ends out of alinementWith axis of the intermediate portion of the hame.

JOHN M. GLAISERJF

